Determination of bolt forces from shear loads
It is not difficult to derive bolt forces from a single vertical load or a horizontal load acting on the specific number of bolts. What...
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Prying action
The concept of prying action can be most easily presented in terms of a T-stub loaded by a tensile force FT. The applied force is not...
An equivalent T-stub – general explanation
The design resistance of bolted connections can be calculated using an equivalent T-stub model. This method reflects the behaviour of...
Preloaded bolts and external tension
To understand the effect of applied external tension, let us first of all consider the initial state of preloaded bolt arrangement...
Mixing welds and bolts
According to Eurocode 1993-1-8:2005 clause 2.4 (3), if a connection is composed of welds and bolts, the fastener with the highest...
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